Java,Web 开发

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Publish Date: 2023-12-29

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钟华

发布: 2001-05-19

断点续传的原理

其实断点续传的原理很简单，就是在 Http 的请求上和一般的下载有所不同而已。

打个比方，浏览器请求服务器上的一个文时，所发出的请求如下：

假设服务器域名为 wwww.sjtu.edu.cn，文件名为 down.zip。

GET /down.zip HTTP/1.1

Accept: image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-

excel, application/msword, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, /

Accept-Language: zh-cn

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate

User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)

Connection: Keep-Alive

服务器收到请求后，按要求寻找请求的文件，提取文件的信息，然后返回给浏览器，返回信息如下：

200

Content-Length=106786028

Accept-Ranges=bytes

Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT

ETag=W/”02ca57e173c11:95b”

Content-Type=application/octet-stream

Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0

Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:56:11 GMT

所谓断点续传，也就是要从文件已经下载的地方开始继续下载。所以在客户端浏览器传给 Web 服务器的时候要多加一条信息 — 从哪里开始。

下面是用自己编的一个”浏览器”来传递请求信息给 Web 服务器，要求从 2000070 字节开始。

GET /down.zip HTTP/1.0

User-Agent: NetFox

RANGE: bytes=2000070-

Accept: text/html, image/gif, image/jpeg, ; q=.2,/*; q=.2

仔细看一下就会发现多了一行 RANGE: bytes=2000070-

这一行的意思就是告诉服务器 down.zip 这个文件从 2000070 字节开始传，前面的字节不用传了。

服务器收到这个请求以后，返回的信息如下：

206

Content-Length=106786028

Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028

Date=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT

ETag=W/”02ca57e173c11:95b”

Content-Type=application/octet-stream

Server=Microsoft-IIS/5.0

Last-Modified=Mon, 30 Apr 2001 12:55:20 GMT

和前面服务器返回的信息比较一下，就会发现增加了一行：

Content-Range=bytes 2000070-106786027/106786028

返回的代码也改为 206 了，而不再是 200 了。

知道了以上原理，就可以进行断点续传的编程了。

Java 实现断点续传的关键几点

(1) 用什么方法实现提交 RANGE: bytes=2000070-。

当然用最原始的 Socket 是肯定能完成的，不过那样太费事了，其实 Java 的 net 包中提供了这种功能。代码如下：

URL url = new URL("http://www.sjtu.edu.cn/down.zip");

HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();

// 设置 User-Agent

httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");

// 设置断点续传的开始位置

httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE","bytes=2000070");

// 获得输入流

InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream();

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从输入流中取出的字节流就是 down.zip 文件从 2000070 开始的字节流。大家看，其实断点续传用 Java 实现起来还是很简单的吧。接下来要做的事就是怎么保存获得的流到文件中去了。

保存文件采用的方法。

我采用的是 IO 包中的 RandAccessFile 类。

操作相当简单，假设从 2000070 处开始保存文件，代码如下：

RandomAccess oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(“down.zip”,”rw”);

long nPos = 2000070;

// 定位文件指针到 nPos 位置

oSavedFile.seek(nPos);

byte[] b = new byte[1024];

int nRead;

// 从输入流中读入字节流，然后写到文件中

while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0)

{

oSavedFile.write(b,0,nRead);

}

怎么样，也很简单吧。接下来要做的就是整合成一个完整的程序了。包括一系列的线程控制等等。

断点续传内核的实现

主要用了 6 个类，包括一个测试类。

SiteFileFetch.java 负责整个文件的抓取，控制内部线程 (FileSplitterFetch 类 )。

FileSplitterFetch.java 负责部分文件的抓取。

FileAccess.java 负责文件的存储。

SiteInfoBean.java 要抓取的文件的信息，如文件保存的目录，名字，抓取文件的 URL 等。

Utility.java 工具类，放一些简单的方法。

TestMethod.java 测试类。

下面是源程序：

/*
/*
* SiteFileFetch.java
*/
package NetFox;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class SiteFileFetch extends Thread {
SiteInfoBean siteInfoBean = null; // 文件信息 Bean
long[] nStartPos; // 开始位置
long[] nEndPos; // 结束位置
FileSplitterFetch[] fileSplitterFetch; // 子线程对象
long nFileLength; // 文件长度
boolean bFirst = true; // 是否第一次取文件
boolean bStop = false; // 停止标志
File tmpFile; // 文件下载的临时信息
DataOutputStream output; // 输出到文件的输出流
public SiteFileFetch(SiteInfoBean bean) throws IOException
{
siteInfoBean = bean;
//tmpFile = File.createTempFile ("zhong","1111",new File(bean.getSFilePath()));
tmpFile = new File(bean.getSFilePath()+File.separator + bean.getSFileName()+".info");
if(tmpFile.exists ())
{
bFirst = false;
read_nPos();
}
else
{
nStartPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()];
nEndPos = new long[bean.getNSplitter()];
}
}
public void run()
{
// 获得文件长度
// 分割文件
// 实例 FileSplitterFetch
// 启动 FileSplitterFetch 线程
// 等待子线程返回
try{
if(bFirst)
{
nFileLength = getFileSize();
if(nFileLength == -1)
{
System.err.println("File Length is not known!");
}
else if(nFileLength == -2)
{
System.err.println("File is not access!");
}
else
{
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
nStartPos[i] = (long)(i*(nFileLength/nStartPos.length));
}
for(int i=0;i<nEndPos.length-1;i++)
{
nEndPos[i] = nStartPos[i+1];
}
nEndPos[nEndPos.length-1] = nFileLength;
}
}
// 启动子线程
fileSplitterFetch = new FileSplitterFetch[nStartPos.length];
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
fileSplitterFetch[i] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(),
siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator + siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),
nStartPos[i],nEndPos[i],i);
Utility.log("Thread " + i + " , nStartPos = " + nStartPos[i] + ", nEndPos = "
+ nEndPos[i]);
fileSplitterFetch[i].start();
}
// fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1] = new FileSplitterFetch(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL(),
siteInfoBean.getSFilePath() + File.separator
+ siteInfoBean.getSFileName(),nPos[nPos.length-1],nFileLength,nPos.length-1);
// Utility.log("Thread " +(nPos.length-1) + ",nStartPos = "+nPos[nPos.length-1]+",
nEndPos = " + nFileLength);
// fileSplitterFetch[nPos.length-1].start();
// 等待子线程结束
//int count = 0;
// 是否结束 while 循环
boolean breakWhile = false;
while(!bStop)
{
write_nPos();
Utility.sleep(500);
breakWhile = true;
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
if(!fileSplitterFetch[i].bDownOver)
{
breakWhile = false;
break;
}
}
if(breakWhile)
break;
//count++;
//if(count>4)
// siteStop();
}
System.err.println("文件下载结束！");
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
// 获得文件长度
public long getFileSize()
{
int nFileLength = -1;
try{
URL url = new URL(siteInfoBean.getSSiteURL());
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection ();
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");
int responseCode=httpConnection.getResponseCode();
if(responseCode>=400)
{
processErrorCode(responseCode);
return -2; //-2 represent access is error
}
String sHeader;
for(int i=1;;i++)
{
//DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(httpConnection.getInputStream ());
//Utility.log(in.readLine());
sHeader=httpConnection.getHeaderFieldKey(i);
if(sHeader!=null)
{
if(sHeader.equals("Content-Length"))
{
nFileLength = Integer.parseInt(httpConnection.getHeaderField(sHeader));
break;
}
}
else
break;
}
}
catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
Utility.log(nFileLength);
return nFileLength;
}
// 保存下载信息（文件指针位置）
private void write_nPos()
{
try{
output = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(tmpFile));
output.writeInt(nStartPos.length);
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
// output.writeLong(nPos[i]);
output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nStartPos);
output.writeLong(fileSplitterFetch[i].nEndPos);
}
output.close();
}
catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
// 读取保存的下载信息（文件指针位置）
private void read_nPos()
{
try{
DataInputStream input = new DataInputStream(new FileInputStream(tmpFile));
int nCount = input.readInt();
nStartPos = new long[nCount];
nEndPos = new long[nCount];
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
{
nStartPos[i] = input.readLong();
nEndPos[i] = input.readLong();
}
input.close();
}
catch(IOException e){e.printStackTrace ();}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
private void processErrorCode(int nErrorCode)
{
System.err.println("Error Code : " + nErrorCode);
}
// 停止文件下载
public void siteStop()
{
bStop = true;
for(int i=0;i<nStartPos.length;i++)
fileSplitterFetch[i].splitterStop();
}
}

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/*
**FileSplitterFetch.java
*/
package NetFox;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class FileSplitterFetch extends Thread {
String sURL; //File URL
long nStartPos; //File Snippet Start Position
long nEndPos; //File Snippet End Position
int nThreadID; //Thread's ID
boolean bDownOver = false; //Downing is over
boolean bStop = false; //Stop identical
FileAccessI fileAccessI = null; //File Access interface
public FileSplitterFetch(String sURL,String sName,long nStart,long nEnd,int id)
throws IOException
{
this.sURL = sURL;
this.nStartPos = nStart;
this.nEndPos = nEnd;
nThreadID = id;
fileAccessI = new FileAccessI(sName,nStartPos);
}
public void run()
{
while(nStartPos < nEndPos && !bStop)
{
try{
URL url = new URL(sURL);
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection ();
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","NetFox");
String sProperty = "bytes="+nStartPos+"-";
httpConnection.setRequestProperty("RANGE",sProperty);
Utility.log(sProperty);
InputStream input = httpConnection.getInputStream();
//logResponseHead(httpConnection);
byte[] b = new byte[1024];
int nRead;
while((nRead=input.read(b,0,1024)) > 0 && nStartPos < nEndPos
&& !bStop)
{
nStartPos += fileAccessI.write(b,0,nRead);
//if(nThreadID == 1)
// Utility.log("nStartPos = " + nStartPos + ", nEndPos = " + nEndPos);
}
Utility.log("Thread " + nThreadID + " is over!");
bDownOver = true;
//nPos = fileAccessI.write (b,0,nRead);
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
}
// 打印回应的头信息
public void logResponseHead(HttpURLConnection con)
{
for(int i=1;;i++)
{
String header=con.getHeaderFieldKey(i);
if(header!=null)
//responseHeaders.put(header,httpConnection.getHeaderField(header));
Utility.log(header+" : "+con.getHeaderField(header));
else
break;
}
}
public void splitterStop()
{
bStop = true;
}
}

/*
**FileAccess.java
*/
package NetFox;
import java.io.*;
public class FileAccessI implements Serializable{
RandomAccessFile oSavedFile;
long nPos;
public FileAccessI() throws IOException
{
this("",0);
}
public FileAccessI(String sName,long nPos) throws IOException
{
oSavedFile = new RandomAccessFile(sName,"rw");
this.nPos = nPos;
oSavedFile.seek(nPos);
}
public synchronized int write(byte[] b,int nStart,int nLen)
{
int n = -1;
try{
oSavedFile.write(b,nStart,nLen);
n = nLen;
}
catch(IOException e)
{
e.printStackTrace ();
}
return n;
}
}

/*
**SiteInfoBean.java
*/
package NetFox;
public class SiteInfoBean {
private String sSiteURL; //Site's URL
private String sFilePath; //Saved File's Path
private String sFileName; //Saved File's Name
private int nSplitter; //Count of Splited Downloading File
public SiteInfoBean()
{
//default value of nSplitter is 5
this("","","",5);
}
public SiteInfoBean(String sURL,String sPath,String sName,int nSpiltter)
{
sSiteURL= sURL;
sFilePath = sPath;
sFileName = sName;
this.nSplitter = nSpiltter;
}
public String getSSiteURL()
{
return sSiteURL;
}
public void setSSiteURL(String value)
{
sSiteURL = value;
}
public String getSFilePath()
{
return sFilePath;
}
public void setSFilePath(String value)
{
sFilePath = value;
}
public String getSFileName()
{
return sFileName;
}
public void setSFileName(String value)
{
sFileName = value;
}
public int getNSplitter()
{
return nSplitter;
}
public void setNSplitter(int nCount)
{
nSplitter = nCount;
}
}

/*
**Utility.java
*/
package NetFox;
public class Utility {
public Utility()
{
}
public static void sleep(int nSecond)
{
try{
Thread.sleep(nSecond);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace ();
}
}
public static void log(String sMsg)
{
System.err.println(sMsg);
}
public static void log(int sMsg)
{
System.err.println(sMsg);
}
}

/*
**TestMethod.java
*/
package NetFox;
public class TestMethod {
public TestMethod()
{ ///xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe
try{
SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost/xx/weblogic60b2_win.exe",
     "L:\\temp","weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
//SiteInfoBean bean = new SiteInfoBean("http://localhost:8080/down.zip","L:\\temp",
     "weblogic60b2_win.exe",5);
SiteFileFetch fileFetch = new SiteFileFetch(bean);
fileFetch.start();
}
catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace ();}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
new TestMethod();
}
}

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John Doe

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No tag

Java,Web 开发

2023-12-29 John Doe

Java,Web 开发

2023-12-29 John Doe

Java,Web 开发

断点续传的原理

Java 实现断点续传的关键几点

断点续传内核的实现

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